Mary as paradigm and agent of faith

In his essay “The Presence of Mary in the Mystery of the Church” (found in the book Mary: Mother of God, edited by Carl Braaten and Robert Jenson), Lutheran theologian David Yeago argues for a re-appropriation by Protestants of Mary’s role as both paradigm or prototype in the life of faith and discipleship and as an active agent in the formation of our faith.

Mary, Yeago says, is the “paradigm of the existence-in-faith of the people of God”:

It is, of course, in the dying and rising of Jesus Christ that this form is redemptively constituted; it is to his image, not Mary’s, that we are to be conformed in our salvation. Mary’s paradigmatic role is different in kind from that of her Son: she is not the Redeemer but the prototype of the redeemed; she is not the one in whom we participate but the paradigm of that participation. Jesus the Messiah in his dying and rising is alone the forma formans, the form-giving form, the one in whom all things hang together (Col. 1:17) and around whose crucified and risen person the whole creation is to be blessedly configured. Mary by contrast ist he forma formata, the form taht has received formation, the prototype precisely of those who are not the Savior, but cling to him by faith, and on the way of faith’s pilgrimage endure the protracted inscription of his image on their being. (pp. 72-3)

And then in a footnote to this passage:

This suggest that it is not an adequate account of Christ’s redemptive work to view him as a sort of productive prototype of our own authentic existence in faith, as many modernist theologies have done. An adequate doctrine of atonement requires recognition that Christ has acted and suffered in our place in such a way that he does and endures pro nobis [for us] what we could not do or endure for ourselves.

As Yeago says, many Protestants will go this far, cheerfully agreeing with St. Luke’s characterization of Mary as “she who believed” (cf. Lk. 1:45). More disconcerting to Protestants is the notion that Mary is an “active agent of the formation of the church and the believer” (p. 74). The way to think about this is that Mary speaks to us, addresses us with her word.

How does she do this? Preeminently in her great song the Magnificat (Lk. 1:46-55):

My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord,
my spirit rejoices in God my Saviour,

For he has looked with favour on his lowly servant.
From this day all generations will call me blessèd:

The Almighty has done great things for me

and holy is his name.

He has mercy on those who fear him,
in every generation.

He has shown the strength of his arm
he has scattered the proud in their conceit.

He has cast down the mighty from their thrones
and has lifted up the lowly.

He has filled the hungry with good things
and the rich he has sent away empty.

He has come to the help of his servant, Israel,
for he has remembered his promise of mercy,

The promise he made to our forebears,
to Abraham and his children for ever.

This song, Yeago says, is both thanksgiving and proclamation, and constitutes Mary’s word to us within the word of the scriptural witness. He points to Martin Luther’s designation of Mary as the church’s “teacher of praise and thanksgiving.” He quotes Luther:

The dear Virgin is occupied with no insignificant thoughts; they come from the first commandment, “You should fear and love God,” and she sums up the way God rules in one short text, a joyful song for all the lowly. She is a good painter and singer; she sketches God well and sings of him better than anyone, for she names God the one who helps the lowly and crushes all that is great and proud. This song lacks nothing; it is well sung, and needs only people who can say yes to it and wait. But such people are few.

Yeago continues:

Understood in these terms, Mary’s “motherhood” of the church consists in the speaking of a word for the church and all the faithful to hear. Mary’s word in the Magnificat opens the chorus of Christian praise, and provides the church and all the faithful with the essential words for praise. At the same time, her words of praise are necessarily also words of instruction: she teaches us to see in the coming of her Son the mercy and might of the God of Israel. Just as a mother teaches her children by precept and example the ways of the family, and prepares them to live well in the surrounding human community, so Mary teaches the church and all the faithful the ways of God’s household and forms them so that they may live well in the environment of his inbreaking reign in Jesus Christ. (p. 78)

He ends with some suggestions for how contemporary Protestants might recover an awareness of Mary’s presence in the church’s life. First, we should celebrate those feasts where Mary has a specific role such as the Annunciation, the Visitation andd the Presentation (obviously most Protestants are not prepared to celebrate the Assumption or the Immaculate Conception). Secondly, we should sing and pray the Magnificat. It’s the NT canticle which is traditionally used at Evening Prayer, so this would be a matter of course for those who pray some form of the Daily Office. And lastly, when we do sing the Magnificat, we should’t “de-gender” it; he suggests the Greek doule might be rendered “slave-woman” rather than “servant,” so as not to lose its identification with “the specific Jewish woman Mary, whom God’s election and promise have set in the midst of the church as the prototype of the church’s faith and prophecy — and therefore as the archsinger of the praise of God’s mercy in Christ” (p. 79).

Comments

11 responses to “Mary as paradigm and agent of faith”

  1. Maurice Frontz

    Lee,

    This is all good stuff. I read a book on youth ministry once called “The Godbearing Life” which really lifted up the idea of Mary as paradigmatic of our faith life. God asks us to bear the Christ who saved us to others. It is not we who save, but the Word which we carry and bear. It is not we who receive honor, but Christ who honors us with his presence (“He has looked with favor on his lowly servant”) and gives us a role in his mission and ministry.

  2. Maurice Frontz

    Continued – in that way, perhaps we can understand the agency of Mary, having received the treasure of the faith from the hands, lips, and hearts of those who have borne Christ to us, not only Mary but also those who have been called to be formed into her way of discipleship. In classical Lutheran theology, the agent of faith is the Holy Spirit operative through the Word (CA V) As long as that understanding remains, that it is precisely the Spirit that overshadows (!) Mary, and through her and other faithful speaks the Word (never contrary to Scripture but in concord with it) to create faith, then I’m all for this understanding of Mary as agent of faith, perhaps the greatest agent of faith.

  3. Lee

    Yeah, I’m certain that Yeago doesn’t mean agent of faith in the same sense that we say the Spirit is the agent of (i.e. creates) faith. Rather I think it’s that Mary can help give form or shape to our faith, both by her example and by teaching us how to praise God.

  4. Thomas Adams

    While I’m sympathetic to many of the ideas expressed in this post, I’m always a little suspicious of the Braaten/Jenson/Yeago team’s love of all things Catholic (private confession, Mary, rosaries, saints, etc.) Is Yeago arguing for a re-appropriation of Mary because it’s the right thing to do, or because it’s the Catholic thing to do? Obviously, Mary is worthy of enormous respect and reverence, but the same could be said of many others in both the Old and New Testaments. Why is Mary the ultimate paradigm for “existence-in-faith”?

    In this era, when Lutheranism seems so weak and Catholicism appears resurgent, it’s only natural that theologians like Braaten and Jenson would succumb to a serious case of Catholic envy. However, do they really believe that Lutheranism can be saved simply by importing some Catholic elements? What’s the point of a creating a more Catholic Lutheran church when most people could simply join the real thing?

  5. Maurice Frontz

    Lee, I like that. It says that Mary is a “particular” agent of faith, whose Spirit-inspired words were unique to her experience as disciple, much like my childhood pastor or the writer of a good theology or a youth in my youth group is a particular person inspired by the Spirit. Mary’s unique words are privileged, perhaps, because of her role in bearing the Christ.

    Thomas, who would you suggest for a more ultimate paradigm of “existence-in-faith?” Other than Jesus, of course…

    And is the point really to save Lutheranism? Wouldn’t the point be to proclaim the Gospel more fully, within one’s own given ecclesial context?

  6. Thomas Adams

    Dear Pastor,

    Please understand that my intention was never to take anything away for Mary, who clearly provides an exemplary example of faith. However, since you ask, I must say that I find the story of Peter to be just as compelling, especially since his “successes” in faith were also matched by total failures. I can relate to that…

    I agree that Lutheranism in itself is not worth saving. The Gospel obviously comes first. But then why do the likes of Braaten and Jenson put so much emphasis on these particular elements of Catholic piety, which are not necessary for a vigorous preaching of the Gospel. If salvation comes from Christ alone, as the Reformers argued, then there’s really no need for a “re-appropriation” of Mary in the Protestant churches. The same can be said for many of the remedies offered by Braaten/Jenson. Their proposals would certainly make the Lutheran church more “Roman”, but I’m not convinced it would make it more “catholic” or more faithful to the Gospel.

  7. Joshie

    In a completely(?) unrelated topic, the translation of doule/doulos as “servant” or “maid” instead of “slave” is probably the greatest crime in the translation of the NT of the past decades, much more worthy of ire than translating anthropos as “person” (which it means anyway) instead of “man”.

  8. Anonymous

    ‘I am an agnostic; I do not pretend to know what many ignorant men are sure of.’
    Clarence Darrow

  9. Lee

    Thomas, I’m in agreement with what I think are some of your concerns. And more to the point I’m in agreement with the Reformers that gospel preaching and proper administration of the sacraments are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a true church. I.e. I don’t think we all need to become Roman Catholic.

    That said, I do think that Protestantism has thrown out a lot of “small-c catholic” practices that ought, by right, to belong to the whole church – not as obligations or requirements for salvation, but as enrichments of the Christian life. For instance, Rome doesn’t have a monopoly on Marian piety, and it goes back in some form or another to the early church (I read somewhere the other day that there are references to Marian piety in Irenaeus). Of course, all practices have to be tested by the gospel, and there’s clearly a legitimate danger that particular forms of piety can become legalistic; but then, that can happen in the most low-church Protestant churches too.

    Though I also agree that there seem to be Lutherans who cast such envious eyes at Rome that one does wonder what contribution (if any) they think Lutheranism still has to make!

  10. Anonymous

    ‘I am an agnostic; I do not pretend to know what many ignorant men are sure of.’
    Clarence Darrow

  11. Joshie

    could it be the ghost of of Darrow is haunting this blog? Or some college freshman quoting something he heard in Philosophy 101?

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